ÿþ<html> <head> <title> Sheick Hama Gharib</title> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-6"> </head> <body marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" bgcolor="ffffff"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <table width="90%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" align="center"> <tr> <td colspan="3" valign="top"><img src="../images/gro-vater_3.jpg" width="150" height="200" valign="center"><br><img src="../images/Film_11.jpg"><br><img src="../images/Film_11.jpg"></td> <td valign="top" width="100%" align="center" ><h1> 4Ì. -G EG :1Ì(Ì 4Ì. E'1AI B'2'FB'JG</h1> <br><br><br> <h4> ~Î@4G CI <br><br> 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( JG CÎCG DG H CG 3'FG I CG DG 3G 1G *'I ˜J'FJG HG *ÎCG µI DG ¯G µ (FG E'µG I -G AJ/' GG (HHG H HG C ~@Î4EG 1¯G H 3G 1C1/G DG 3G 1,G E 4@Æ1P4 H 1P'~@G 1PJFG C'FI 4Î. E-EH/I FG E1/' (G 4/'1JC1/HHG *G F'FG * DG C'*I (1JF/'1(HHFI 4Î./' DG /G 1(G F/I ('2J'F H ¯1*FIH /'/¯'JI C1/F H 1PG H'FG C1/FI (Æ GJF/3*'F (,2J1G I &G F/'E'F) 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(I 2'H'I DG ¯G µ/' (HHG H GG 1HG C /HH(1'I &'H'1G I /HH1 DG ¯G D H FJ4*JE'F .2EG *I JG C*1J'F C1/HHG H (HFG *G E'JG I /µ.@Æ4I H /µ/'FG HG I JG C*1I H ~@'4 1P2¯'1(HHFJ'F GG 1/HHCJ'F ~@ÎCG HG &'2'/ C1'HF H ¯G 1P'HFG *G HG (@ÆCH1/3*'F H -HCE1P'FJ'F C1/HHG 4Î. EG DJCI CH1/3*'F H 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( HG 2J1I F'H.Æ  ~@'4 FG E'FI &G H -CHEG *G CH1/IJG &'H'1G (HHFG *G HG H (G JG CG HG ˜J'FJ'F DG ¯HF/H 4'.G C'FI CH1/3*'F (G 3G 1 (1/HHG  4Î. -G EG :G 1J( (G (3* DG 4Î.I FG E1 /HH1 FG CG H*Æ*G HG H H 2H1(G I ˜J'F H (G 3G 1G'*G C'FI DG ¯G µ 4Î.I FG E1/' &'HÎ*G (HHG H ¯G 1EIH 3'1/I DG ¯G µ/' †G 4*HG . CG 3G J1I D'~@G 1PG C'FI 3G 1/G EI 4Î.I FG E1 /G CG JF *G FG' †G F/ /Î1PÎCI DG 3G 1 FH31'HG GG 1 HG CH &'E'˜G ~@ÎC1/FÎC &G HJ4 ¯J1'FI DG ¯G µ 4Î.I FG E1/' DG 4G 1PI /G 1(G F/I ('2J'F H /'/¯'JI C1/FI H 1PG H'FG C1/FI (@Æ GJF/3*'F . ~@'4 &G HG 4 HG 1¯1*FI ~@@Æ3*I HG 2J1I F'H.ÆI -CHEG *G CG I 4Î. EG -EH/I FG E1. CG &G HG 4 &G HG F/G FJJG *' *JFHÎ*I .HÎFG 1I CH1/ (4CÎFÎ *G F'FG * ('3I (G .4F/G J H F'F (/G JI CG GG EHH &ÎH'1'F 4'F (G 4'FI E'µI FG BJ( H 4Î.I FG E1 .H'1/FI (@Æ 3G 1,G E EG D'C'FI E2¯G H*I ¯G H1G (G EG F,G µI ¯G H1G /G F'1/ CG 3 ('3I FG C1/HHG &G ¯G 1†I ~@'CJ2G .'FI (HHCI /H'I A'*EG .'F HJ3*I &G H .Î1G (C'* . ¯Æ1P'FC'1I (G 3G 1 E2¯G H*/' G'* H CG H*G ˜Î1/G 3*I &G HB'AG HG HG CH /G µÎF &G H C'1G J'F DG 1PίG I .H/'/' C1/HHG FG C (@Æ F'H . EF (G GÆI ~@'CJ2G .'FI .Î2'FI 4Î. E'1A H (HHCI 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( H J'/'4*ÎCI /G 3*FH3I 4Î. E'1A  ~@'4'F .HÎF/FG HG I &G H 3G 1†'H'FG I CG /J'1JE C1/HHG &G E 2'FJ'1J'FG E DG 3G 1 &G H CG µG ~@J'HG /G 3* CG H* CG (@Æ EΘHH /G JFH3E H (G H GJH'JG E CG CG EÎC &G EG C H E'AI &G H F'H/'1H (FG E'µG JG E /'(Î*G HG CG &G E1P@Æ F'HI HFG H HG CH ~@ÎHJ3* F'HI FG G'*HHG . &'H'* (G HG /G .H'2E †G F/ CG µG ~@J'HÎCI HG CH CG 1JE (G ¯I GG EG HG F/ H E',/ E3*G A' H CG 1JEI 9G DG CG H E3*G A' ~@'4'H †G F/G G' F'H/'1I *1 CG DG H 1P'~@G 1PJF H -CHE1P'FJG /' F'HJ'F G'*HHG (G 3G 1 (C1ÎFG HG H E'AI .ÆJ'F ~@Î (/1Î*G HG . <br><br> <br><br> ˜J'F H (G 3G 1G'*I 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( <br><br> 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( CH1PI 4Î. E'1AI B'2'FB'JG CH1PI 4Î. -G EG &G EJF CH1PI 4Î. -3JF CH1PI 4Î. EG -EH/I CµÎ3G CH1PI 4Î. &J3E'9JD CG (G ~@J1I HDJ'FI (G F'H('F¯G CH1PI 4Î. E-G EG /I FÆ/Î (G ~@4*'H~@4* /G †FG HG 3G 1 3'/'*I (G 12F,G . 4Î. -G EG (†C@ÆDG CH1PI (C'C '-E/ 4Î.)C†I ( 4Î. -G EG EJF ) I B'2'FB'JG I GÎF'HG (G 1PG †G µG C /G (FG HG (G .'µH'FI 4Î. 3G 9J/I -G AJ/ H 4Î. E3*G A'I FG BJ( H 4Î. E'1AI FG BJ( . G'*H†@ÆI FÎH'F &G H (FG E'µG JG 2Æ1 (G GÎ2H ~@*G H H .Æ4(HHG (G *'J(G *I &G H 3Î (G 1PÎ2G G'HJF'F †HFG *G B'2'FB'JG DG D'I .'µJ'F 4Î. E'1AI B'2'FB'JG E'HFG *G HG CG ~@J'HÎCI 2Æ1 1PHH.Æ4H .2E /@Æ3* H /µA1'H'F H EJH'F~@G 1HG 1 (HHG 3'* (G 3'* ~@G JHG F/I FÎH'F &G H (FG E'µ H .Î2'FG ~@*G H*1 (HHG H .Æ4G HJ3*I H /Æ3*'JG *J'F 2J'*1 (HHG DG JG CG HG F2JC (HHF . DG &'C'EI &G H G'* H †ÆJG 4Î. 3G 9J/I -G AJ/  ('HCI 4Î. EG -EH/I FG E1  2Æ1 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(I .'µÆ2'I .Æ4HJ3*HG CG /G J2'FI CH1PÎCI /µ3Æ2H &'JF ~@G 1HG 1H FJ4*E'F ~@G 1HG 1 H .2E /Æ3*G . 2J1G C H H1J'H †'HC1'HG JG /G *H'F1Î* ~@4*I ~@Î ((G 3*1 Î DG C'*I *G F¯'FG H F'.Æ4J/' (A'*EG .'F) I C†I CG C†G ¯G H1G CG JG *I /G /'* (G 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( CG C†ÎC H /HH CH1PJ'F GG (HHG ( -G D'HG .'F H 4Î. *'DJ( H 4Î. E'1A) &J*1 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( /G (Î*G ,ÎJ E*E'FG H CG 3ÎCI .Æ4G HJ3* D'I 4Î. 3G 9J/ . ( ~@'4'F 4Î. E'1AI CH1PI DG /G 3*FH3ÎCI .ÆJ/' CG DG 3/12/1961 DG ˜Î1 F'HI (†JE (G 3G 1G'*) /G A*G 1ÎCI (30) D'~@G 1G I FH3JHG (G 1PÎFH3I CÆF H(G H4G I 9G 1G (I CG 2Æ1 *ÎCG µG . GG 1†ÆFÎC (HH DG ¯G µJ' .G 1JC (HHE ~@4* (G 3*F (G 3G 1†'HG C'F (G *'J(*I (3) (G 1¯I (†JE /I) &G -EG / .H',G /HH (G 1¯I J'/'4*I E'EÆ3*' 1PG AJB -JDEI *H'FJE &G E ('3G I DG 3G 1 /G 1(GÎFE GG 1 (G 4ÎHG I J'/'4*G CG /G JFH3E H &'E'˜G (G ¯Æ1PJF H 2J'/G C'F /G CG E DG F'H CG H'FG C'F/' . EF DG /'JC(HI 3'µI (1910) 2'JFJE DG ¯HF/I (2G 1/J'H') I BG 1G /': G'*HEG *G /FJ'HG &G H3'µG ('HCE (G 1PÎHG (G 1I F'-JG I BG 1G /'. (HHG . DG 3'µI (1917) /' (G A1ÎCI 2Æ1 DG ~@ÎF,HJF ('1I (HH 23*'F (HH E'µE'F DG HÎ(HH F'EG JG C G'* 9'&4G .'F .Î2'FI .'µI ¯G H1G E 4Î. EG -EH/ CH1PI (HHG (4Î. DG *JA) (G H 23*'FG (HH (G *G BG I .Æ4IH (G 2E H &'GG F¯ . GG 1 DG H 3'µG /'(HH 3H~@'I 1HH3 GÎ14I C1/(HHG 3G 1 ( ('FG ) .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 4Î.I FG E1 DG ¯G µ ˜E'1G JG CI 2Æ1 DG /'FJ4*H'FI 4'1I 3DÎE'FJ (G 1GG µ3*J'F C1/(HH 4G 1PÎCI ¯G H1G (G 1~@'(HH (G G'1(HH 1HH3G C'F 3H'1ÎCI 2Æ1J'F DG BG AB'3J'HG GÎF'(HH DG /HH B@ÆDG HG GÎ14J'F C1/ . (G 4ÎCJ'F D'I ~@ÎF,HJFG HG &G J'FHJ3* GÎ14 (CG FG 3G 1 BG D'NI (Î3*'F CG 31JJG CI 3G 1('2I *H1CI *Î/' (G ,ÎE'(HH CG ~@ÎJ'F /G ¯H* (~@1P'CF/G ) . &G H C'*G ('HCE (G 1ÎHG (G 1I F'-JG (HH ~@G JHG F/I ('4I GG (HH DG ¯G µ EH,'G/JF (150 - 200) *AG F¯†I ¯G J'F/G BG D'NCG I (Î3*'F , ~@Î4 &G HG I 3H'1I BG AB'3 (¯'* . &G E'F *H'FJ'F /G H1H (G 1I BG D'NCG (¯1F H F2JCG I 10 3G 9'* 4G 1PH (G 1¯1I (G 1'E(G 1 3H~@'I 1HH3 . 2J'FÎCI 2Æ1J'F DÎ/'F H F'†'1J'F C1/F DG FJHG 4G H/' (¯G 1PÎFG HG . ~@'4'F GÎ2I 3G 1('2¯G I *H1C 1PG H'FG I 3DÎE'FI C1'FG HG (E'EÆ3*' &G -EG / .H',G DG E 1PH'F¯G JG HG /G µÎ* : &G HG I DG ¯G µ .ÆI(HH 1HH (G ~@ÎF,HJF 1@ÆJ4*F DG ~@DG I JG CG E/' 9G 4'JG 1I ,'A (HH, DG ¯G µ 3E'JD 9H2G J1I H 4Î.'F HG DG ~@4/G 1 EG F¯H1 , (µ('3 , &'CHJ4 (Æ 3G 1/G 4* ~@'4 CH4*'1ÎCI F'/J/G DG GG 1/HHD' 1PHH3G C'F C4'FG HG (@Æ F'H &Î1'F . HG E'EÆ3*' 1PG AJB -JDEI /G µÎ* (DG /G H1I ~@ÎF,HJF/' 4Î. EG -EH/ &'2'JI .ÆI FH'F/(HH, 1HH3G C'FI DG 3FHH1I 9Î1'B /HH1 .3*(HG HG H C1/(HHFI (G /JHI &Î1'F/' . &G H /HH FH3G 1G (G 1PÎ2G GJ†J'F F'HI 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(J'F FG GÎF'HG *G F'FG * DG ~@'/'4*I &G H 3G 1CG H*FG I 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( DG ~@ÎF,HJF CG (HHG ,ÎI 1PG 2'EG F/I *H1CG C'F C1/J'F (G B'&JEB'EI 4'1('˜Î1P DG (1917  1919) . *G F'FG * &G -EG / .H',G DG D'~@G 1G (13) /G ¯G 1PÎ*G HG 3G 1 4G 1PG CG H /G µÎ* (,G F¯I CH1/H 1PHH3 /'EG 21' ,(G 1'E(G 1 (G GG µEG * H /DÎ1J'F (G F'†'1I 1HH3G C'F ~@ÎF,HJFJ'F (G ,Î GÎ4* ). GG 1 DG H C'*G /' (G .Î2'FG HG CG H*JFG 1PÎ (G 1Pί'I F'µ~@'1PÎ2G HG . DG J'/EG (G 3*1'(HHE (G ~@4* E'EEG HG (3G J/ &G -E/) .G (G 1E (HHG HG DÎE ~@13I E'EG &G HG (@ÆCHÎ /G †JF  AG 1EHHI 1PƵG &G 1PÆJFG HG (Æ3DÎE'FI. (CG ¯G J4*JFG HG 4'1I 3DÎE'FI FG E'JFG HG .Î2'F H .2E'F GG EHH DG /'1JCG DI CÆ(HJFG HG , ~@'4 E'HG JG CI ('4 E'µE'F †HHG 3J*G C CG &G HC'*G EG µ(G F/I BG 2'I 4'1('˜Î1 (HH CG ('HCE C1'(HH (G B'&JEB'E /HH 3'µ C'1I B'&JEB'EI C1/ DG 3'µI (1917- 1919) . DG E'F¯I -H2G J1'FI &G H 3'µG /' &ÎEG DG 3J*G C (HJF DG H 3'µG /' 4G 1PI /G 1(G F/I ('2J'F DG ¯G µ &JF¯DJ2G C'F (G 1~@'(HH DG 3G 1 /'H'I .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 4Î.I FG E1 ('HCE (G /HH ('1H /HH HD'N.G HG EF H /'JCEI 1PG H'FG I E'µI ('~@J1E C1/ DG 3DÎE'FI .ÆI ¯G J'F/G 3G 1' H GG 1†I (G µ¯G H FH31'H H 4*HEG CI ¯1F¯I &JF¯DJ2G C'F (HH DG ¯Æ1PG ~@'FI 3G 1'/' CÆJC1/FG HG H AG 1E'FI/' FG H*J'F ~@Î/' C1/F H 3H*'FJ'F/F . ~@'4'F DG ¯G µ (150) 3H'1/' 1PHJC1/G /G 1(G F/I ('2J'F H 1P'3*G H.Æ DG ¯G µ 4Î.I FG E1/'(HH . &JF¯DJ2G C'F 2'FJHJ'FG F'*H'FF ~@Î4(CG HF /HH (DJH'H EG 4'*) DG ¯G µ *Æ~@ÎCI 2Æ1J'F DG /G H1I EH3µG HG GÎF'HG *G F'H†G I /G 1(G F/I ('2J'F ,4G HI JG CG E *Æ~@('1'FI /G 1(G F/J'F C1/HHG (G *'J(G *I ~@4*I 4G 1PG CG (@Æ /1H3*C1/FI 3G 1DÎ4ÎH'F/F DG F'H GÎ2I 3H'1G /'. GG 1 CG (@Æ1/HE'FI *Æ~@ /G 3* ~@Î/G C'* *G BG /G CG HÎ*G F'H HD'N.I 3H'1G C'FG HG . 2H1(G J'F /G 3*(G ,Î,ί'C'FJ'F (G ,Î/G GεF H /H'I HD'N.G C'FJ'F /G CG HF &G EG /G (Î*G GÆI D'H'2 (HHFI ,G (GG CG H 4C'F/FI 4G 1PCG 1'FI CH1/. ˜E'1G JCI 2Æ1J'F DÎ 4G GJ/ /G (Î H 2Æ1J4J'F DÎ (G F/ &G C1Î* &G HG I CG /G EÎFÎ*G HG (D'NHG I DÎ /G CG F , DG 4G GJ/G C'F ( -',I 3G J/ -G 3G F) E'EI 4Î.I FG E1 DG ¯G µ ˜E'1G JG C DG .2E'FI (G 12F,G H BG 1G /': H ('2J'F H GÆ2I ,'AG 1PG 4CG DG H'FG I CG (G &G 3J1I ¯J1'F 4Î.I FG E1 .ÆIH 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(I .'µÆ2'I ('HCI. &G E /HH'FG DG F'H &G 3J1G C'F/' 1P'¯J1'(HHF (EH4J1I -G EG I 3DÎE'F ) &G J'F F'3Î*G HG H GG 1 &G H 1PƘG 1PG H'FG I (G :/' &G C1ÎF . ((G *G FJ4*JG HG *'GJ1 &G AG F/IH 3G J/ &G -EG /I E'EI CH˜1'F ,DG 3G 1 ~@G J'EI EH4J1 &':' (G (1JF/'1I 4Î. EG -EH/ DG ¯G µ 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( (G JG .3J1 ¯J1'F HG (1'F (@Æ (G :/'/  †JE /I D 48) . (48 CG 3 CH˜1'F H ˜E'1G JG CI 2Æ1 (1JF/'1 DG HF'HG CG H*(HHF, &G H'FG I CG (G /JD ¯J1'F 170 CG 3ÎC &G (HHF (-',I 3G J/ -G 3G F) I E'EI 4Î. EG -EH/ H *'JG 1I AG 1.G _ *'GJ1 &G AG F/I (G 1ÎHG (G 1I ~@@ÆDJ3I 4Î. EG -EH/ DG F'H CH˜1'HG C'F/' (HHF  &JF¯DJ2G C'F /J3'FG HG (G GÆI EH4J1 &':'HG 4Î. EG -EH/J'F F'3JG HG  J'/'4* (1) D 126 1G AJB -DEI ) DG (G 1 &G HG I 4Î. EG -EH/ (1JF/'1 (HH 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(J4 (G BÆF':G *AG F¯ DG C'CJDG J'F /'(HH /'FG C'FJ'F 4C'F/(HH 1PG H'FG I FG .Æ4.'FG C1'F . /H'I (10  15 ) 1P@Ƙ /G 1J'F &G GÎFF H H1/G H1/G 4'GJ/I 3DÎE'FI H /G 1G HG I CG .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 1PAJB -JDEI F'HJ'F F'GÎFÎ &G ¯G FG (G :/'/ ( E'EÆ3*' 1PG AJB -DEI DG D (523) J'/'4*G CG J/' F'HI GÎF'HF /G (Î* 4Î. E'1A (G 1†'HI FG CG H*(Î  &HEÎ/ ) /'/¯'I /G 3* ~@Î/G C'* DG (G 1/G E /'/¯'I 9H1AI 3G 1('2J/' 4'JG *G C'FI 3DÎE'FI (¯1JFG'H3) &G J'F('* (@Æ (G :/'/ CG &G E'FG (HHF (9J2G * (G ¯I HG 3E'F ~@'4' / -',I EG D' 3G 9J/ CG 1CHCI 2'/G / 9G HFI ¯H1HF &G AG F/I / A'JB (G ¯I E'1A (G ¯ / 4Î. FG ,J(I BG 1G /':I  DG (G :/'4 DG CH1/G C'F (EJ12' AG 1G ,I -',I 4G 1JA / GG F/Î DG ('21¯'FG ¯G H1G C'FI *1J4) . (/JH'FI 9H1AI 4Î. EG -EH/I EH-'CG EG C1/ H -HCEJ/' (G .FC'F/FI DG 3DÎE'FJG HG (G F'HI 4'JG * *'BEÎC DG ~@J'HG F'31'HG C'F 1PÎC.1'(HH (G 2Æ1 J' (G .H'G4 DG E EH-'CG EG JG /' -'21(HHF &G E'FG CG DG ¯G µ ( CG ~@*G F (@ÆF/) I -'CEI 3J'3I †G E†G E'µ FÎ1'(HHFG (G :/' F'HG C'FJ'F DG .H'1G HG JG (-',I EG D' 3G 9J/ CG 1CHCI/ 9J2G * (G ¯I HG 3E'F ~@'4' / 4Î. FG ,J(I BG 1G /':I/ 9G HFI &G AG F/I/&G -EG / (G ¯I B'/1 ~@'4' / -',I &G -EG / (G ¯I B'/1 ~@'4' / -',I &':'I -G 3G F &':' / EJ12' AG 1G ,I -',¯I 4G 1JA  J'/'4* (G 1¯I (1) . 1G AJB -JDEI *G F'FG * E'EÆ3*' &G -EG / .H',G 4 ,'1ÎCI *1 &G H F'H'FG I /H('1G C1/Æ*G HG . &G HG I *' &Î3*' ('3 FG C1'HG 4Î. E'1A /G µÎ* : FG C GG 1 DG 3DÎE'FJG HG 4'GJ/H 2Æ1CG 3 &'E'/G (HHF (G µCH DG 4'1I CG 1CHC H GG HDÎ1J4G HG (1'HF (Æ /'/¯'I 9H1AI . JG CG E,'1 -HCEI DG 3Î/'1G /'FJ GG 1/HHCJ'F /G 1†HH DG C'*I &'¯'/'1 C1/FJ'F DG D'JG F (EJ,1 ¯1JFG'H3 ) EH3*G 4'1I 3J'3I EJ,13ÆF .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 4Î.I FG E1 *HH1PG &G (Î H CD'NH H ,'E'FG CG I DHD &G C'* H /G JCÎ4Î* (G 3G 1 3F¯I ¯1JFG'H3 /' H &G AG 1EHHÎ 2'µE &ÎHG E'AI /'/¯'JI C1/FI &ÎEG *'F FJG DÎ1G /' ¯1JFG'H3 CD'NH H ,'E'FG CG I GG µ&G ¯1Î*G HG H &G J('* (Æ -'CEI 3J'3I ¯4*IH (ÆI &G ¯Î1Î*G HG . &G HJ4 /G J¯G JG FÎ*G -CHEG *I (G 1J*'FJ' . DG &G F,'EI &G H *H1P(HHFG (G H 4ÎHG 4Î1'FG JG -CHEG CG J'F &G ¯Æ1PÎ* 4Î.I FG E1 (G (10)3'µ (G F/ H 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( (G (5)3'µ H (20) (J3* GG 2'1 1H~@JG :G 1'EG †HFCG /'F (G HG /' &G FÎ* CG H' AG 1E'FI 3H*'F/FI ~@'4E'HG C'FI &G H'FI /'HG DG ¯Æ1PG ~@'FI 3G 1'I 3DÎE'FI , /'/¯'JI C1/FI 4Î. EG -EH/H 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( DG (G :/' (/JH'FI 9H1AI)DG 25/7/1919 DG (G 1 &G EG DG F/G F ~@G F,G I (Æ -HCEG CG I /JH'FI 9G 3CG 1I /1Θ C1/ DG HG I ~@Î4G HG ¯Æ1PI (G (G F/I (10) 3'µ /H'I &G HG DG ¯G µ 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(I 2'H'J/' F'1/J'FG ,2J1G I &G F/'E'F  J'/'4* (1) 1G AJB -DEI ) /H'I &G HG &JF¯DJ2G C'F 3DÎE'FJ'F ¯1*G HG (EJ,1 &G /EÆF2) /Î*G 3DÎE'FI JG CG E BG 2' CG 3G 1/'FI C1/ . 3J*G C &G (Î* CG DG H C'*G /' EG µ(G F/I 4G G1('2'1P /G (Î* . AG 1E'F /G 1&G C'* GG 1†I FH31'HG †'~@G EG FJG C'FG DG ¯G µ FH31'HG 1PG 3EJG C'F/' CG DG F'H BG 2'CG /' GG JG GG EHHJ'F (3H*ÎFF H 3G 1,G E CG DH~@G DI F'H E'µI 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( 2G H* (CG F CG ~@1P(HH DG AG 14I F'J'(I &Î1'FI H *H-AJ'*I 2Æ1 F'J'( H (G F1.. EJ,1 &G /EÆF2 2Æ1 BJFI DG 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( (HH /G J2'FI /µ3Æ2H .Æ4G HJ3*I 4Î.I FG E1G /G ¯G 1P' (G /H'I GG DÎC/' CG 2J'FI ~@Î (¯G JG FÎ* (G µ¯G 4 &G HG (HH CG A'JDG CG I GÎF'H †I FH31'HH .2EG *I GG (HH GG EHHI 3H*'F/ H /1'F/ *G FG' /HH FH31'HI DG A'JDG CG /' GÎ4*G HG JG CG E AG 1E'FI /'EG 21'F/FI (G EG &EH1 ¯HE1¯I 3DÎE'FI DG ¯G µ AG 1E'FI /HHG E CG C1'HG (G (G 1PÎHG (G 1I F'-JG I BG 1G /': DG (G 1 FG E'FI (G µ¯G I 1PG 3EI ('HCE .'FG F4JF FG C1'H DG 3G 1 /G 1'EG *I .ÆI &G ˜J' . (G (J1G HG 1I EF ('HCE DG E F'-J'FG /' (G 1PÎHG (G 1 (HHG ( EG 1¯G ,3H1/'4, 3G 1†F'1,BG 1G /': , ~@ÎF,HJF) . DG -HCE/'1I 4Î.I FG E1/' 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( GG E .'µÆ2'H GG E 2'H' H GG E *' /H'3'*I ˜J'FI DG ¯G µJ/' JG C /µ H JG C (HHF C1' (G HG 2J1I F'H.Æ H (G *G H'HI (HHG ~@4*JH'FI 4Î.I FG E1DG C'*J ¯G 1P'FG HG J/' . DG D'JG F -'CEI ~@Î4HI 3DÎE'FI EJ,1 ¯Hµ/ 3EJ* HG DG (G :/'HG &G E *G DG ¯1'AG (Æ 4Î. 9G (/HDCG 1JE FH31'HG . (Æ ,G F'(I 4Î. 9G (/HDCG 1JE DG CA1I , 1ƘI †H'1 4G EEG 13/ &G JDHD &G E•Æ 4Î. EG -EH/ H 4Î. E-G EG / :G 1J( &G ¯G FG (G :/'/ . &G HDJF A13G * (Æ CA1I -G 1G C'* &G CG F (G µ'E (Æ (G 92Î &J4 DG ~@Î4 (2H*F/' D'2EG EG F/H(I 3'EI E4'HG 1G I DG ¯G µ (C'* . GG *' .G (G 1I *1*'F (Æ &G FÎ1E 'F*2'1*'F DG CA1I ~@ÎHJ3*G . GG 1 HG .*ÎC 4Î. EG -EH/ (Æ CA1I -G 1G CG * &G C'* .G (G 1*'F (Æ &G FÎ1E .  D (100) ( †JE /J (G 1¯J JG CG E ) <br> ~@4* (G .H' <br> AG 1E'FI -CHE/'1I <br> 1ƘI 19/ 5A1/1341 <br> 10/*41JF JG CG E /1922 <br> DG ~@'J*G .*I CH1/3*'F 4'1I 3DÎE'FI , E-EH/ CH1I 3G 9J/G HG (Æ (G ,Î GÎF'FI C'1H('1I ¯G D H -CHEG * &G E F'H'FG I DG .H'1G H FH31'HF ~@G 3G F/ C1'F . (G 1PG &J3 H (G 1PÎHG (G 1 /'F1'F <br> E-EH/ <br> -CE/'1I CH1/3*'F <br> <table size="100%" border="0" > <tr> <td valgin= "right">1G &J3I HG 2J1'F H 3~@'G 3'D'1 </td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;9(/ 'DB'/1 39J/</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.1.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valgin= "right"> HG 2J1I /'.DJG</td> <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;4Î. E-G EG / :G 1J(</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.2.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> HG 2J1I E9'1A</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;EJ1DJH' E57AI ~@'4'</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.3.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> HG 2J1I E'DJG</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;9(/'DC1JE 9G DG CG</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.4.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> HG 2J1I 419 H 9/D</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;4Î. 9DI &G AG F/I BG 1G /':I </td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.5.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> HG 2J1I ¯HE1C</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;'-E/ (G ¯I A*'- (G ¯ </td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.6.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HG 2J1I 'EFJ* 9EHEI</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;3J/ '-E/ (12F,I</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.7.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> EA*4I 9'E</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;EJ1DJH' 5/JB ~@'4' </td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.8.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> HG 2J1I F'A9G</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;-G EG &':'</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;.9.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> <br> ( †JE /I  &G -EG / .H',G (G 1¯I (1) D (116) ) EJ,G 1 &G /EÆF3 *G FG' EHµCI¯H'3*1'HG I 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(I /'¯J1 FG C1/ (G µCH GG 1†I EHµCI C4*HC'µI GG (HH DG /ÎI (B'2'FB'JG ) H (HDJ'F) /G 3*J'F (G 3G 1/' ¯1*. /ÎI B'2'FB'JG (G F'H('F¯G (G *H*FI †'CI FE1G JG C CG ('21¯'FI ('4I ~@ÎHG /G C1' H (G 1H(HEI C4*HC'µI 1PG 2H ('.ÎCI ('4E'F GG (HH DG EG µ(G F/I BG 1G /': H &'H'JI (~ÆD/1)DG ¯G µ 3Î JG CI /ÎI JG .I E'µJ4 (G EHµCI &ÎEG (HHF DG C'*I HG 1¯1*FI (G 1GG EI *H*F DG (G 1PÎHG (G 1'JG *I ¯HE1¯/' (120- 150) AG 1/G *H*FI FE1G JG CG E H /HHG E /G ~@4CÎF1' ,¯G DG (G 1H(HHEG C4*HC'µJG C'F . DG (G 1 &G HG I 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( DG 4Î.I FG E1 ,H/' FG /G (HHG HG (G *G F¯ EHµC H E'µG HG FG /G G'* GG 1†JG CI GG (HH DG (G 4I .ÆIH .Î2'FI GG EHHI /G /' (G †G C H HD'N. (Æ ~@Î4EG 1¯G C'F GG *' &G H C'*G I -CHEG * /G 3*I (G 3G 1/' ¯1*F (G *'J(G *I /H'I &G HG I CG (G F/C1' DG /G 1(G F/I ('2J'F . ,'1I /HHG E DG 3'µI (1925) DG 3G 1 /'H'I 4Î.I FG E1 CG &JF¯DJ2 /'H'I C1/(HH (Î*G HG (Æ 3DÎE'FI H H*H HΘI DG ¯G µ/' /G CG F H /G *H'FÎ* (G 4/'1I GG µ(˜'1/F (C'* H DG 3'JG I FG *G HG JG C¯1*HG C'F/' /'.H'2JG C'FJ'F (GÎFFG /I . 4Î. .ÆI FG G'* H 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(I F'1/ (G (80) 3H'1G HG DG E'µI -G EG I &G H1PG -E'F &':' /'/G (G 2F , &JF¯DJ2G C'F GG 12HH GG 3*I ~@Î /G CG F , GG 1 DG ¯G µ G'*FJ'F (Æ 3DÎE'FI †G CG C'FJ'F DG E'µI -G EG I &G H1PG -E'F &':' /'/G FÎF /G 3*(G ,Î (G 1PÎHG (G 1I ~@ÆDJ3 (EH1'/ (G ¯) /G ¯'*G 3G 1J'F H 3G 1,G E †G CG C'FJ'F DÎ HG 1/G ¯1F H &JF,' (ÆJ'F /G 1/CG HÎ* CG &G HJ4 ~@D'FÎC (HH (Æ (G /G 3* 3G 1/' C1/FI 4Î.I FG E1 *' DG ˜Î1 †'H/Î1I .ÆJ'F/'(Î* DG 3DÎE'FI . DG &G F,'EJ4/' GG µ(˜'1/F H' /G 1FG †HH GG 1 DG ~@Î4G HG DG F'H .ÆJ'F/' C'1J'F (Æ C1/(HH (Æ GG F/Î CG 3'JG *I 3DÎE'FI . (G D'NE ,ÎJ 3G 13H1PE'F (HH &ÎEG DG 3G 1 (1PJ'1I -CHEG * G'*(HJFG HG (Æ (G 4/'1I C1/FG HG H GÎH1 C1/FG HG I ('1H 21HA . (ƆI H'2HH †G C C1'JF . /G (Î* &G HG 4 ('3 (CG E CG &G H 1PƘG DG (F'1I 21P¯HÎ2G HG G'*JFG F'H4'1 , 2J'/ DG (30) CG 3I 3H'1G CG DG ¯G µE'F (HHF .G µCI BG 1G /': H /G H1H (G 1I 4'1 EƵG *J'F HG 1¯1* H (G 1G H E'µI .ÆJ'F †HHF H (D'NHG J'F DÎC1/ 1ƘI /H'I †G C C1/FE'F -CHEG * E'µG CG I .ÆE'FI (Æ †ÆµC1/JF H (G *G FG' (G ('1¯J1JCG HG †HJFG E'µI .ÆE'F H 3H'1G C'FJ4 GG E'F 4G H (ÆI/G 1†HHF ,¯G DG H †H'1 ~@ÎF, CG 3G CG †'H H B'HG J'F DÎ/G F'H .2EG *I HD'N.G C'FI .ÆJ'F H &ÎEG 4J'F /G C1/ CG &G E .Æ4G HJ3*'FG (HHF ( 9G (/HDI AG BÎ E-G EG / , AG 1G ,I E'JFG 1PG 4 , EG ,J/I 3G 9J/ , 3G 9G 2DG I 21P¯HÎ2I , 9G DI -',I B'DG †G FG ) &G E'FG GG EHH .G µCI /ÎI B'2'FB'JG (HHF ,¯G DG 3G 9G 2DG CG .G µCI 21P¯HÎ2 (HH 1PG -EG *I .H' (Æ ¯J'FI ~@'CI GG EHHJ'F . 23*'FÎCI 3G .* /G 3*I ~@ÎC1/ GG *' F'HG 1P'3*I 4H('* . /G (H'JG ('HCE (G J'FIH &ÎH'1G (†H'JG *G D'I EH1'/ (G ¯ (G 1PÎHG (G 1I ~@ÆDJ3 (HHFI .ÆI /G 1.3*'JG , &G H3G 1/G EG *G FG' EH1'/ (G ¯ (G 1PÎHG (G 1 (HH. -G E2G (G ¯ J'1J/G /G 1I (HH H' &G F'31'F J'.H/ DÎ~@131'HI ~@ÆDJ3 (HHF. DG E'1*I (1926) &ÎH'1G JG CJ'F ('HCE AG 1EHHI (' ¯G 4*ÎCI /G 1G HG I 4'1 (CG JF DG /G 4*I *G J'1G .'FG (¯G 1G CI 4Æ14) 1PHHE'F C1/G ¯G 1G CI ,HHDG C'F (.G ('*) ~@'4'F D'E'F/' (Æ 3G 1 1Pί'I C'FI ¯ÆEG DG (G 12JG CI D'I ,HDG C'F CG 3G 1CG H*JF *G E'4' /G CG E .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH AG 1G ,I 3G 9J/ &':' F'31'H (G AG 1G ,G D'µ DG ¯G µ (8-9) 3H'1/' †'HG 1PH'FF . (G /H'I &ÎEG /' GG EHHJ'F 2G F¯J'F DÎ/'H (G †'1G CÎ ¯G J4*JFG *'F,G 1Æ CG D'A'H DG ¯G µ ¯HF/J &'DJ4/' C1/(HHI (G JG C . DG ¯G µ &G HG 4/' (Î /H'CG H*F H /µG 1P'HCÎ .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH AG 1G , ~@Î4CG H* EFJ4 ,DG HE (Æ &G 3~@G 4ÎJ -G EG (G ¯ (G 1G D'N C1/ (G EG DG &'HG CG (G 3G D'EG *I ~@G 1PJFG HG H *'¯HF/J ( /'1':' ) FG HG 3*'JF *' 4Î. AG 1G , *HH4I CÎ4G H ¯J1H ¯1A* H ~@13J'H HG µ'E FG (Î* &G H 4G HG DG ¯HF/I ( BG µ' 3H1G )CG DG 3G 1 1Pί'CG E'F (HH E'JFG HG . ~@'4'F ¯G J4*JFG ( B'2'FB'JG )H *G FG' 4G H *J'J/' /G E'JFG HG DG (J1EG GG EHH 1ƘÎC (G J'FJ'F ~@Î4 GG *'H CG H*F ¯HF/G CG E'F ,Î /G GÎ4* H /G †HJFG D'('µI 4'.I 3G 1¯1EG DG F2JC B'2'FB'JG . ,ί'I .Æ4I /'13*'FI GG JG HG CH ( C'FI (F , &'HG CµÎ3G , C'FI 3G 1†F'1 ) &G E 4HÎF'FG (Æ .Æ4*1JF H †'C*1JF G'HJFG GG H'1 /G 3* &G /G F . &'HI 3'1/H EJHG I ('4J'F GG JG D'~@'µI 3G 1¯1EG (G 4ÎHG JG CI ¯4*I ~@Î4 &G HG I J'3' /G H1I FG EÎFÎ* /'13*'F (HH ~@1P DG ¯HÎ2H GG F,J1 H CÎHJDG I 4J1JF H ,H'FI GG (HH . F2JCG I /HH GG A*G (G H ,Æ1G ˜J'FE'F (G 3G 1 (1/ ~@'4'F *G J'1G I &JF¯DJ2 ¯G J4*G 3G 1 B'2'FB'JG H (Æ1/HHE'FI C1/, /HH EF'µ (1JF/'1 (HHF H †G F/ ¯'H E'F¯' ~@ÎHG (HHF . 3Î ,'1 B'2'FB'JG (Æ1/HE'F C1' DG ,'1I 3ÎGG E/'DG 2G E'FJ 1P˜ÎEJ (G 93/' C†ÎCI .H'DÎ.Æ4(H 4Î. FH1I (1'EI *Î/' 4G GJ/ (HH (G F'HJ 3G J1'F .'F ~@'4 &G HG B'2'FB'JG †ÆµC1' *' 1992 . /H'I (H1/HE'FG CG DG 4C1ÎCI 2Æ1 CÆ (HG HG CG 3H'1G (HHF DG .G µCI BG 1G /': H 3G F¯'H , CH1P'FI 4Î. 9G (/HDB'/1I ¯HDDG FG (1 (G 3G 1ÆC'JG *I CG 1JE (G ¯I AG *'- (G ¯ . BG 1G /': 1P2¯'1 C1' (Î CH4*'1 H (G 1PÎHG (G 1I F'-JG H 3G 1,G E AG 1E'F(G 1G C'F H ~@ÆDJ3 (G 4G H .ÆJ'F ¯G J'F/G 4'1J 3DÎE'FI /H'I BG 1G /': GÎ2G CG ¯H'3*1'JG HG (Æ 3G F¯'H H /G J'FHH* F2JCG I -G H3G / 3H'1 /G (HHF DG H C'*G /' AG 1E'F(G 1G C'FI F'-JG CG ('1G ¯'C'FJ'F ¯H'3*(HG HG (Æ &'H'JI 1PG ('* D'I &G 41G A &':' H 9H(G J/ &':' CG (G 4G H ~@G D'E'1 &G /1'F ~@'4 4G 1PÎCI JG C 3G 9'*I &G 41G A &':'H &G H'FG I DG ¯G µJ' (HHF /'J'FG 4'.I 3G 1¯1EG H EG 1CG 2I F'-JG &'¯1I ~@ÎHG F1' H (G 1PÎHG (G 1 .ÆJ H C'*(G CG I CG ( 1G A9G * &G AG F/I )(HH . /Æ21'FG HG DG E 4G 1PG /' HG C (J1E /ÎJ 4Î. CG 1JEI 4Î. 9G (/HDB'/1 ('HCI -G EG 1PG 4J/H C'C 1G 2' /G 3*I 1P'3*I (G 1 ¯HDDG CG H* H GG 1HG G' FG 1JE'F (1'I &G EJFI -G EG I &JE'E &G HJ4 ¯HDDG (G 1 EJ2µ/'FI CG H*(HH GG 1 (G H (1JFG CƆI /H'I C1/ . /H'I (G 1G F¯'1 (HFG HG GG 1 GG E'F 4G H GÎ2G CG .ÆI ¯G J'F/G ~@4* /ÎJ (3ÎHDÎ- *G .*G 3) &G E 4HÎFG (G /'1 (G 1HH /'~@Æ41'HG &'HÎCI ~@'CH .Æ4I GG JG . GG 1 GG E'F 1Ƙ C'*(I F'-JG (G (J'FHI &'H/G 3*G HG 1P'JC1/ . 1PƘI 3ÎGG E 4Î. -G EG :G 1J( AG 1EHHI CG 1JEI &'EÆ2'E ~@ÎHJ3*I (G †'1G 3G 1 GG JG . *Æ4 DG ¯G µJ/' (1Æ1G HG H (G 1PÎHG (G 1I F'-JG (CG F (G /J'1I H (J(G F (Æ .'µ* . GÎ4*' /FJ' *'1JC /'FG G'*(HH (G 1G H /ÎI *JE'1H 4'1G 2HH1 CG H*JFG 1PÎ DG ¯G µ (20) 3H'1I GG µ(˜'1/G /' .ÆE'F ¯G J'F/G /ÎI .G 1FHHC F2JC &'H'JI 4Î. AG 1G ,I J'D'NF ~@Î, (Æ (G J'FJG CG I F'FI FJHG 1PÆE'F D'I 4Î. AG 1G , .H'1/ (G 1G H EG 1JH'F ,HD'NJF . C'*ÎC ¯G J4*JFG F2JC &'H'JI ('4E'. HG D'NEI 1'P3*E'F HG 1¯1* H ¯G 1P'JFG HG (Æ 4'1I ~@ÎF,HJF (Æ .2EG *I 4Î. , HG C /Î*G .G J'µE /H'I (15) 1Ƙ (G 1PÎHG (G 1I F'-JG CG ~@J'HÎCI (G *G EG F H /G HµEG F/ (HH (200) DJ1G I EG ,J/I /'H 1PG H'FG I 3DÎE'FI C1'JG HG . (Æ 4Î. CG 1JEI 4Î. 9G (/HDB'/1 DG 4DÎ1H F'H.H'FG HG (1JF~@ΆI &G GDI (Æ G'* (Æ †'1G 3G 1I /G 3*I †G F/ 1ƘÎCI ~@ΆH(HH GJ†J'F (Æ FG C1'(HH . DG E C'*G /' .Î2'FG C'F DG EG 1JH'F /'(G 4 (H(HHF (G 3G 1 &G H /ÎG'*'FG /' CG &':' H (G ¯ H 4Î.I *Î/' &G ˜J'F 2Æ1 ~@J'H'FG .2EG *J'F /G C1/F H C'1&'3'FJ'F (Æ &G C1' . E'µI &ÎEG (G 1 /ÎI ('µC CG H*JF CG CG H*(HG F2JCI (80) CE /HH1 DG ~@ÎF,HJF JG CÎ DG H'FG I DG (G 1 /G 3*I 4Î./' (HH C'*(Î (HH (G F'HI &G -EG / .H',' &G AG F/I (HH †HEG D'I CG (G 4Î. (µÎ* EF &G †EG HG D'I /'JCE 1ƘI /H'JI 3G 1 DG (G J'FI AG 1EHHI (†Æ1G HG D'I /'JC* .ÆE &'¯'E DÎ* &G (Î* GG *' ('HC* /Î*G HG DG ,ί'I .Æ* FG ,HµÎJ* . FG †I (Æ 1P'HG CG 1HÎ4C H ('µF/G . .ÆE 3Î 3H'1I B'2'FB'JG E DG ¯G µ (HH /HH 3H'1I ,'AJ4E'F DG ¯G µ G'* . ( E'EÆ3*' '-E/ .H',G †G F/ ,'1ÎC DG C*Î(I †JE /I ('3J 4Î. -G EG :G 1J(I C1/HHG &G HG *G DG D'~@G 1G (144)/' /G µÎ* : ~@'4 /G /H'F2G 1Ƙ EF¤1 'D3D¯FG H &G -EG / (G ¯I ('µC H 9DI .'FI H DG ˜J1 G'*F (Æ ~@ÎF,HJF (1J'1J'F/' CG .Î2'FG CG DG †Æ1PH GG H1'E'FG HG (GÎF1ÎF (Æ EG 1JH'F DG D'JG F EG DJCG HG ~@G 3G F/ C1' . ,' (G E ~@ÎJG ,ί' /J'1IC1'H ¯HÎ21'FG HG . <br> <body><table width="40%" border="0"> <tr> <td valgin= "right"> &'J4G .'F /'JCI 4Î. DG *JA (Æ HDG ˜Î1 </td> <td>.1.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valgin= "right"> (GJG .'F /'JCI 4Î. 1G &HA H4Î. ('(' 9DI (Æ 4Î.G CHÎ1G </td> <td>.2.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valgin= "right"> 4Î. E-G EG / :G 1J( (Æ ('µC </td> <td>.3.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valgin= "right"> 3G J/ &G -EG / (Æ 31ÆH4 </td> <td>.4.</td> </tr> </table> <br> 4G H †HJFG E'µI 4Î. DG &'H'JI (HDG ˜Î1) &G H 3'µG 4Î. DG *JA 1G -EG *I .H'I DÎ(Î* *G EG FI (7-8) 3'µ (HH DG (J1EG ~@D'NHI (1F,I 3G /1J'F (Æ DÎF'JF H 4Î. DG *JA (G ,ÎJ FG GÎ4*JF DG ¯G D EG -EH/ &G AG F/I B'DG 4ÆBG E'EÆ3*'I 4Î. DG *JA (HH . (G J'FI /H'I †' .H'1/F (G 1G H /ÎI ('µC CG H*JFG 1PÎ CG (30-40) CE &G (HH (G D'NE DG (G 1 &G HG I CG JG CG E ,'1(HH DG H 1ί'JG HG (1ÆJF H 4'1G 2' FG (HHJF 9G 31ÎCI /1G F¯ ¯G J4*JFG ,Î DG (G 1 &G HG I CG /JEF H E'HG JG C (HH DÎJ'F ,H/' (HH (HEG HG DG /'JCE DG ('*I .Æ4I H ~@ÎCG FJF 2Æ1J'F DG H'FG I DG E'µG CG (HHF DG ¯G µ /'JCE /G 3*J'F C1/ (G ¯1J'F 2Æ1I ~@Î FG †HH ('HCJ4E G'*G HG .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 4Î.J4 ('1G ¯'CG I G'*G (HDG ˜Î1) H ~@ÎF,HJF HG CH ('1G ¯'I ~@Î4G HG E'JG HG . 2Æ1 ,'1 (E',/ E3*G A') H G'H1PÎC'FI GG 1 DG ~@ÎF,HJF &G E'FG HG ,'1,'1G 4 &G †HJF (Æ 4'1('˜Î1P H /G H1H(G 1I 3DÎE'FI (Æ ~@G D'E'1/'FI GÎ2I 3H~@'I -CHEG * CG 2H1(G J'F (DJAI) H ~@ÆDJ3 H ,'4 (HHF . &G H E'HG JG GÎ2I -CHEG * *G FG' DG †H'1*' GG (HH (G D'NE CG 4G H /'/G G'* CHFG E4CJ'F DÎ /G (HH (G 3G 1'. †HFCG 2HH 2HH (G 4G H &G /1'FG (G 1 ¯HDDG ,'1ÎCJ'F .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH E',/ CG GÎ2I 2Æ1I DG ¯G µ/' (HH HG D'NE &G FÎ1Î (Æ JG CÎ DG &':'C'FI(.........) CG H' (G J'FI (Æ FJHG 1ÆCG I /G †F (Æ EJH'F/'1I (G D'NE &':' ¯HÎJ'F F'/'*ÎH HG µ'EI F'/'*G HG .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH &G E (G 3G 1G'*G &G FHHH3Î (Æ 4Î.I FG E1 &G HJ4 DG HG D'NE/' (ÆI &G FH3Î (.Æ* &G 2'FI &ÎEG (Æ EJDDG * &G E /G H1G &G ¯Î1PJF (G D'NE EJDDG * ~@J'HI H'4I *Î/' GG JG EF EB'(G DG I (Î 9G BµI H' F'CG E (Æ 9G Bµ H 2G C'I .Æ* *G 1C &G CG E ) .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH E',/ (J1I .ÆI /'/G FÎ . CG (G J'FJ'F 1P'FG EG 1I &'H'JI /G 1 &G †Î (Æ DG HG 1P /HH1 DG &'H'JI EG 1PG C'FI .G µCI /ÎJG CG ,J' &G C'*G HG GG 1†I 1'FI &':'JG 1PG H'FG I /G 4*I ~@ÎF,HJFI &G C'* . &JF,' EG D'I ¯HF/ DG ¯G µ †H'1 ~@ÎF, 1PJ4 3~@I &G †FG .2EG * 4Î. &G HJ4 DG ¯G µJ'F 1PÎC &G CG HÎ* CG 2G C'*I 3Î 3'µI (Æ ~@Î4EG 1¯G I &G HC'*G DÎ /G 1&G CG F &G H'FI *1J'F &G /'*G HG CG (J(G FG HG (Æ &':' . HG CH DG (J1EG (G ~@ÎI &G HG I CG GÎ2I EJ1I CG (1J*I (HHF DG ~@J'/G H 3H'1G I 3H~@'H ~@ÆDJ3 H 3G 1('2I DJ¤I ( (G C1ÎC'1I EJ1I CG CH1/ H&'4H1I (HHF (G 3G 1C1/'JG *I (G C1 3/BI ) †H'1*' CG EG 1CG 2I BG 2'CG (HH /'¯J1C1' . /H'I &G HG 4 4G 1PÎCI ¯G 1E DG (3G 13J1) CG (5-6) CE DG 1ƘGG D'N*I †H'1*'JG 1HJ/' DG FÎH'F ~@Î4EG 1¯G H -CHEG */' CG 2Æ1J'F 3H'1G (HHF . DJ¤ÎCI 2Æ1J'F CH4* H GG F/ÎCJ4 ¯J1' (G (G F/I . (G D'NE DG ~@'4 &G HG I CG GÎ2 H †G C H *Æ~@I 4'.J'F ~@Î ¯G J4* ~@Î4EG 1¯G C4'JG HG GÎ2I EJ1I (G HG .ÆJ'F ¯1* H F'H†G I †H'1*'J'F (G GÎ2 C1/ H .ÆJ'F ¯G 1P'FG HG (Æ 3DÎE'FI . ~@'4 &G HG F'H†G I (G 1CÎH H /G H1H(G 1I E'JG HG H F'H†G C'FI BG 2'I 4'1('˜Î1 GG 1 (G /G 3* ~@Î4EG 1¯G HG (HHG . EΘHHG CG E DG (J1 FJG (G D'NE &'4C1'JG D'E CG GÎ2ÎCI 3G 1('2I /H'I 4G 1PI 3G 13J1 (G 3G 1ÆC'JG *I 9G BJ/ÎCI&JF¯DJ2 ¯G J4*G 4'.I (*'1J1) CG &G CG HÎ*G 3G 1HI 1ƘGG D'N*I /ÎI (3G 1C'F) CG /ÎI 4Î. 9G HDI .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH (HH DG HÎ/' GÎ2I ~@Î4EG 1¯G ~@G D'E'1I &G /' H /H'I (G 1G F¯'1 (HHFG HG JG CI †'~@HC'FG (G F'†'1I GÎ2I /H˜EF /G HG 3*Î . .H'DÎÆ4(HH 4Î.I FG E1 DG HÎ &'E'/G &G (Î* H &'¯'/'1I &G CG F CG 2'(*Î DG &JF¯DJ2G C'F CH˜1'HG (G 2HH*1JF C'* F'EG JG CI CH1* H 1ÎC H ~@ÎC &G FH3Î (Æ 3G 1ÆCI &JF¯DJ2G C'F .( &ÎEG 2Æ1 EH*G &G 3JAJF CG .G 3'1G *'F (HHG (G D'NE ¯HDDG 2'(* H :G J1 2'(* F'F'3Î H (G D'NI .Æ*'F DG ED .Æ*'F'JG ) . HG CH /G 2'FJF &G E 3G 1ÆCG (G ~@DG I 9G BJ/ (HHG H 4'1G 2'I 4G 1PI 4'. (HHG H FH3JHJG *I CG DG 3H/'F H &G A1JB' †G F/ ,'1Î *HH4I (G 1G F¯'1 (HFG HG (HHE (G D'NE 4G 1PI CH1/G C'F DG 4G 1PG C'FI ~@Î4HH F'†Î* &G E'F 2Æ1 4'13*'FI *1H 4G 1JA *1F. 3'µI (1927) CG .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH DG ¯G µ -CHEG *I 9Î1'B/' 1ÎCG H* 2Æ1I 4'1('˜Î1 H GG EHH F'-JG I ~@ÎF,HJFI -HCE &G C1/ CG ('1G ¯'I DG ~@ÎF,HJF/' GG (HH (1925-1926) /HH *G J'1G I &JF¯DJ2 G'*FG 3G 1 ~@ÎF,HJF /HH (ÆE(J'F A1PÎ/' 2J'FI FG (HH CG *G BG J'F DÎC1' JG CÎCJ'F DG /G 4*I ¯µ¯G /' CG H* EHD'2E (/ÎFI) H (9G 1JA GÎ13)I *Î/' (HH E'HG JG C E'FG HG 4'13*'FJ'FG .2EG * C1'F H DG /H'J/' 1G H'FG C1'FG HG (Æ 3DÎE'FI HÎFG J'F DG ¯G µ 4Î.I FG E1/' GG JG DG ~@ÎF,HJF . HG CH (J3*E &G H HG .*G CG †H(HFG HG (Æ DG F/G F /HH3Î H*'1I ,H'FJ'F FH3J(H DG ('(G * 4Æ14G CG I 4Î.G HG H &G H E'EG µG E1Ƥ'FG JG I DG ¯G µJ'F' C1'(HH DG H E'HG JG /' CG E'(HHFG HG HG DG (G F/J/' . E'EÆ3*' &G -EG / .H',G DG D'~@G 1G (124,125) /' /G µÎ* ( -CHEG * DG ,G F¯I DJ¤JG CG I (¯1Î2G ) 2Æ1 H1G I (G 1/' ,'1 (HG &'¯1 DG ~@Î4G HG CG H*G GG 1PG 4G , (G D'NE (Î3HH/ (HH (G 1P'I .εI ,'A ¯G J4*FG /ƵI 4DÎ1 . A1PÆCG ~@G I /G 1~@G I /Î* H &G 3H1PÎ*G HG (G 1Ƙ ~@ÎF,HJF †Æµ &G C1'. DG ~@4*I &'H'JI (HHJF /HH A1PÆCG G'* H JG C3G 1 JG CÎCJ'F DG CG µ¯G FJ4*G HG DG H C'*G /' 3H'1G I -G EG I 4Î. 9DI ¯G J4*FG 3G 1J'F H GG 1/HH A1ÆCG H'FG CG J'F ¯1* H GÎF'J'FF (Æ ('1G ¯' , A1ÆCG H'FG C'F (CG ~@*'F /ÎFI H GÎ13 ) DG ¯G µ ¯G J4*FJ'F /'H'I 4Î. EG -EH/J'F C1/ . GG 1 DG /HH1G HG F'3J'F H H*J'F &ÎEG HÎFG JE'F (JFJHG . *G FJ' E3*G A'I (1'E &JF¯DJ2I &G 2'FI H E'HG JG C H*H HΘI DG ¯G µ C1/F H (G 3H'1I &Î3*1 EF (1/EF (Æ HDG ˜Î1) . &G HG I CG DG J'/EG &G H E'HG JG CG ('1G ¯'I 4Î. DG ~@ÎF,HJF /' (HH ,'1 ,'1 EF H 4Î. 1G &HA DG EG 1JH'FG HG &G †HJF (Æ ~@ÎF,HJF .(3-4) 1ÎCG H*I &G C1/ DG ¯G µ E',/ (G ¯/' &G †HJF (Æ 1P'H J'F (ÆD'I (F2'1G ) H 1HH (G 4DÎ1 J' (Æ (¯ÆµI)H /G H1I (3JHG JD) †G F/ 1PƘÎC (G 1P'HG 4C'1G HG 1P'E'F &G (H'1/ . .Æ4*1JF 1P'H CG DG (J1EG (G *HF/I E'HG (CG H(H'1G ) &G HJ4 C'1ÎC (HH DG ~@4* /ÎI -G EG 5'D- (G ¯ (¯ÆµI (HH) DG FG HG I -G EG 5'D- (G ¯ &Î3*G EG -EH/ (G ¯ /J'1G H (G F'H('F¯G CG &Î3*G ~@G JHG F/I (G ~@Î4EG 1¯G HG C1/HHG . EG -EH/ (G ¯ CH1PJ -G EG &G EJF (G ¯ CH1I -G EG 3'µ- (G ¯ CG G'* H †ÆI &Î1'F H 9Î1'BI &G C1/ ~@J'HÎCI 2'F'H 4'13*'FI (HH /JHG .'FG CG I GG EJ4G ¯G 1E H (G EJH'F(HHG H DG C'*I GÎ14I &JF¯DJ2 H -CHEG *I &JEJ2J'DJ2EI 9Î1'B/' /µ3Æ2 H ('HG 1P~@ÎC1'HI CH1/ H 4Î.I FG E1 (HHF. GG 1C'*Î .Î2'I 4Î. H ~@Î4EG 1¯G C'FI 1PHHJ'FC1/G F'H†G I &G H'F (3-4 )¯HF/J'F /'F'(HH (Æ /'FJ4*FI E'µ H EF/'µJ'F . &G HG I DG J'/EG DG 3'µI (1925) /ÎI (~@'4 (G 1/HH) H CG F/G 3H1G CG DG 3G 1 3FH1I &Î1'FG H 2Æ1 ,ί'I /JCG J'F *G 1.'F C1/(HH (Æ &ÎEG . DG H E'HG JG /' 2Æ1 DG 3G 1ÆCG C'FI CH1/ DG GG EG HF/ H ,'A H ,'AG 1G 4CG H F'H†G I 3H1/'4 H /JG'*I 3H1/'4 H BG 1G /': H 3G F¯'H ~@G JHG F/J'F C1/(HH DG GG EHH D'JG CG HG ~@G D'E'1I ~@ÆDJ3 H 3G 1('2J'F &G /' , DG D'JG F CG 1JEI AG *'- (G ¯G HG GG 1HG G' DG F'H†G I 1P'FJG H CÆJ3F,G B H 1G H'F/2 †G F/ EG &EH1ÎCI 3J'3I &JF¯DJ2 CH˜1'F DG /G ¤G 1I ('/JF'F H 9G B1G H /GÆC DG E3G 1 *' &G H3G 1I (DG .'FG BJFG HG *' 9G E'/JG H 2'.Æ H'*G DG CH1/3*'F DG (G 1G F¯'1 (HHFG HG H 4G 1P/'(HHF DG ¯G µ /'¯J1 CG 1'FI &JE~@1J'DJ2E H FÆCG 1G C'FJ'F/' DG H ~@J'HG .HÎFG H'1'FG I CG F'HJ'F GG (HH (Æ 3G 1ÆC'JG *IH G'F/'FI 4Æ1P4 &G E'FG E DG (J1G DG F'H†G I 3DÎE'FI *' 1PG H'F/H2 (Æ FEHFG &G -EG / (G ¯I 3'-Î(B1P'F , E'EÆ3*' 2ÎHG 1 ,E'EÆ3*'I ¯G H1G H /'EG 21ÎFG 1I CÆEG µG I GJH' .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 1G AJB -JDEI, &G -EG /I *G BI ,&G -EG /I FH1I CG EG &EH1 (G 1J/ (HH DG CÆJ3F,G B DG H 3G 1/G EG /' H ~@'µÎH1'H (HH (Æ B'&JEB'E DG D'JG F .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 4Î.G HG H 2Æ1I *1 CG F'HJ'F F'JG *G HG (J1E . 3'µI (1927) GÎ4*' 23*'F *G H'H FG (HH(HH DG C'*ÎC/' CG &ÎEG H'*G CG 3HC'1I ~@G JHG F/I /'1G C'FI 4Æ14I 4Î.I FG E1 DG EG 1JH'F /'FJ4*(HJF ( EG -EH/ .'FI GG H1'E'F ) (G GÎ2ÎCI 2Æ1G HG GÎ14I GÎF'JG 3G 1 ,ί' F4JFI ( EG -EH/ .'FI 3ÎF'F) F2JCG I GG A*G JG C 4G 1PH ~@ÎC/'/'F DG F2JC C'FI 3ÎF'F /G H'EI C1/ (G &G F,'EI GG Hµ/'FI ~@J'HG F'31'HG C'FI /G H1I 4Î. *H'FJ'F CÆ*'JI (G H 4G 1G F'DG ('1G (GÎFF H GÎ2G CG I EG -EH/ .'FI GG H1'E'F (CÎ4FG HG . (G 1P'3*I &G E ('1G F'.Æ4G C'1JC1/G 3G 1 /'FJ4*H'FI C'FI 3ÎF'F H DG C'*ÎC/' J'1EG *J/G 1I 1ÎCG H*F (HHF DG ¯G µ 9Î1'B/' (G 4ÎHG JG CI /HH1 DG 1P'3*I . /HH DJH'I ~@J'/G I 4'.I &Î1'FJG C'F ¯G J4*FG BG D'NI EG 1JH'F CG HG CH EG 1CG 2I BG 2' H'JG . DG /H'J/' 2'F1' CG EG -EH/.'FI 3Î F'F ,AG 1G , (G ¯I (1'I (G (200) *AG F¯†JG HG DG 3FG HG ~@Î4 &G E /HH DJH'JG CG H*HF H DG 1Pί'I (¯'1'FG HG ) (Î *G BG G'*FG EG 1CG 2I BG D'NI EG 1JH'F . DÎ1G HG &G ¯G 1PÎEG HG 3G 1 &G H ~@G JHG F/JG I DG ¯G µ *H1CJ'/' GG (HH, &G H /HH 3Î 3'µG I DG HÎ E'JFG HG *H1CG C'F J'1EG *J'F GG (HH JG C DG /H'I JG C ~@2J4CJ'F /G G'*F , DG 3'µI (1926) G'*F F'HI JG CG EJ'FE DG (J1 E'HG (/HGE 'H1G'F (G ¯) (HH DG .2EG * H ¯G 1P'F (G 3G 1 /ÎG'*G C'FI F2JC ('1G ¯'I 4Î.G HG CG EH CH1J'F FG /G C1/ . AG *'- &G AG F/I ˜F(1'I 4Î.I FG E1 H'*G .'µI 4Î. 1G &HA H ('(' 9G DI /G H1I GG (HH DG H FÎH'FG /' . AG *'- CÎH1 F'H &G †HH (Æ 3FH1I *H1CJ'H ,'1ÎCJ'F AJ4G CÎCI 2Æ1 DG ¯G µ †G F/G G' /G E'F†G I ~@G 1PG (JD H †G F/ 3G 9'*ÎCI ,H'F H 4J1I 3G 1('2I (G GÎ3*1 ('1 C1'(HHF .¯G J4*G ('1G ¯'I 4Î. DG EG 1JH'F . DG 4J1 H 3G 9'*G C'F †G F/ /'FG JG CI (G F'HI &G H ~@J'H'FG HG (HH CG (G 1G F¯'1I &JF¯DJ2I /'¯J1CG 1J'F C1/(HH . ('HCE 3G 9'*ÎCI ,H'F H 4J1ÎCI (G 1CG H* CG 1JE (G ¯I AG *'- (G ¯ , EG -EH/ .'FI /2DI , &G E'FG H †G F/ CG 3ÎCI /JCG (G F'H (ÆJ'F G'*(HH &G H'FG /J'1I C1'(HHF DG D'JG F E3*G A' CG E'DG HG (ÆJ'F FÎ1/1'(HH. &JF,' /ÎEG HG 3G 1 GG µHÎ3*I ¯4*I 4Î. H 4Æ1P4 ¯Î1P'FI CG EG 1JH'F DG H (3-4) 3'µG /' CG (FCG JG CI &'3'J4 H GÎEF (HH (ÆJ'F ¯Æ1' . HG CH /G 1CG H* GG E'F C'* J'1EG *I GG (HH (Æ 1ÎCG H*FI 4Î. DG ¯G µ -CHEG *I 9Î1'B /' 1P'3*G /1ΘG ~@Î/'FI &G H ,Æ1G G'* H †ÆJ'FG (G &ÎEG E'F'F CG GÎ4*' H1/(HHJF FG &G H*1' . 9G 31 (HH /G EG H &ÎH'1G GÎH'4 GÎH'4 /G 3*C1' (G .Æ&'E'/G C1/F H ('1 (G 3*F . *'1JC /'G'* (G C'1H'F 1ί'HG CG H*JFG 1PÎ (G D'NE DG E 1ƘG /' 3H'1ÎCJ 2Æ1 DG ¯G µ ~@J'/G I ~@'3G H'FI *'J(G *I 4Î. CG 3G / CG 3ÎC &G (HHF (G 1G H 1PHHI GG H1'E'F . 1Pί'I C'1H'F /G /H'F2G C'*˜EÎ1ÎCI &G (1/ *' DG *13 H ~@ίG J4*FI 3G 1('2I &Î1'FI /G 1(†JF †HFCG (1PJ'1J'F /'(HH CG DG EG 1JH'F DG ¯G µ 3G 1('2I &Î1'FI 4G 1P 1PH FG /'H FG (Î* (G (G µ¯G (Æ &Î1'FJG C'F ¯HF/G C'FI EG 1JH'F HÎ1'F (CG F H 2J'FÎCI 2Æ1 DG E'µ H¯J'FI &G H .G µCG (/G F H DG FÎH'FE'F/' CH4*'1 GG (Î* . /H (G /H'I &ÎEG 4 3G 1('2I &Î1'F CG (1J*J (HHF DG /HH DJH'I 4'.I DG EG 1CG 2I EG 1JH'FG HG CG (BG D'N) &G ¯1Î*G HG 3Æ1':I ~@J'/G 1PG HJJ'F &G C1/ (Æ &G HG I DG C'*I C4'FG HG J'F/' (¯G FG 3G 1 C'1H'FG C'FJ'F H ~@Î4 H ~@'4J'F DÎ(¯1F . &ÎEG 4 DG ¯G µ .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 4Î. 1G &HAI 4Î.I FG E1/' (8) 3H'1E'F DG ¯G µ (HH DG F'HG 1P'3*' &G 1PÆJ4*JF CG H'FG JG CI /HH1 H /1Θ GG *' (G J'FI GG *'H CG H* (G /JHI GG H1'E'F/' /G G'*JFG .H'1G HG . ¯2F¯I GG *'HI H'(HH ~@Î4G CI C'1H'FG CG (1J*I (HH DG 3H'1G I GG EG HG F/ H GG H1'EI H DG F2JC &'H'(HHF/' ~@4HJ'F /'(HH . 2H1(G I ,G F¯'HG 1G C'F &G HG I .G HI DÎCG H*(HH &G HI HD'N.I &G DG HG 1P'F/ (Î&'¯' (HHF &ÎEG 4 DG ¯G µ 4Î. 1G &HA /' DG /HH1 ÎCG HG /'(G 2JF CG &ÎEG 4 DG ¯G µ HD'N.G C'FE'F/' ~@4HJG C (/G JF . ,'1,'1G †'HE &G †HHG .G H (G D'NE &G 3~@G CG E 2Æ1 &G ,HD'NJG HG 3G 1I GG µ&G (1PIH .G (G 1E &G (HG HG . ,'1ÎCJ'F (G 1ÎCG H* DG 3G 1 (G 12I 4'.G CG I (G 1'E(G 1E'F *G E'4'E C1/ HG CH &'˜G µI H1/ DG 3G 1 4'. (Î* H /ÎF (Æ &ÎEG . CG †'HE HµI ('4 *G E'4'E C1/ (JFJE E1ƤF /G 3* (G ,Î DG ,ÎJ .ÆEG HG 1HH *AG F¯G CG E /H' (G /H'I JG C/' †G F/ AJ4G CÎCE *G B'F/ H G'H'1E C1/ CG 3G 1('2G C'FF &J*1 &G H'FG I CG DG ~@Î4G HG (HHF GG EG HG F/G C'F (HHF /G 1†HHF H DG 1ί'CG HG 1PHH (G 1PHHI 3G 1('2G C'F (G 1P'C1/F 1ÆJ4*F . 4'.G CG ¯G H1G H /'13*'FÎCI †1P (HH , 3G 1('2G C'F HG D"EI *G BG C'FJ'F FG /'JG HG H DG ,ί'I .ÆJ'F FG ,HD'NF . *' C4'FG HG I C'1H'FG CG E'F *G H'H (HH DG ¯G µ &G HG 4/' ~@Î4 ¯G J4*FG ¯HF/I (HG J3G ) GÎ2ÎCI ~@J'/G I -G EG 1G 4J/ .'F HG J3G 4 ¯G J4*FG 3G 1 4'. . -G EG 1G 4J/ .'FJ4 GG 1†G F/G 3G 1 (G EG 1JH'FJG C'F (HH (G D'NE (ÎD'JG F (HH D'JG F¯1I 4Î.I FG E1 (HH . &G H 1PƘG &'H'JI HG J3G H /JHG .'FI -G EG 1PG 4J/ .'F EJH'F/'1ÎCI ¯G 1EJ'F C1/JF HG GG 1 &G H 1ƘG CÆEG µÎC GG µ(˜Î1/1' . DG ~@J'HG F'31'HG C'F †HFG (GG 12F,'1) CG E'HG I JG C C'*˜EÎ1 DG HÎHG /HH1 (HH (G ~@'µ 4'.I GG H1'E'FI /2DJG HG (H GG 12F,'1 ,ί'I GG H'1ÎCI 2Æ1 ¯HF,'H (HH . /'13*'F , &'HI 3'1/ , ~@Î4 /G EI /G 4*'JJG CI A1'H'F (HH /HH3Î 1Pί'I DÎ &G (HG HG (Æ /G H1I ~@ÎF,HJF H 4'1G 2H1. E'HG JG CI 2Æ1I ~@Î FG †HH DG HÎHG DG ¯G µ (4Î. 1G &HA) I .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH /' ('(' 9G DI CG (G G'H1PÎJG *I E',/ G HG DG 1Pί'I ~@ÎF,HJFG HG 1PG H'FG C1'F (Æ 3DÎE'FI , DG 3DÎE'FJG HG &G H &G †HH (Æ (G :/'/ &G -EG / (&G -EG / 3G (1I (1'I 9G HD . &G E &G -EG / .H',G &G AG F/I FJG ) E1ƤÎCI .HÎF/G H'1 H (G 1PG H4* .HÎF/FI 3G 1G *'JI DG &G 3CG F/G 1JG *G H'H C1/HHG ) DG (G :/' DG ¯G 1G CI AG 2µ .'FHI (Æ ¯J1' H DG .HÎF/F¯'I (*G BJ†I) I &G GDI HG 1¯J1' . DG 3G 1G *'I E'F¯I E'J3 I (1927) ~@G I /G 1 ~@G I .Î2'FJ4 /G ¯G 1P'JG HG (Æ 3DÎE'FI H .H'DÎ.Æ4(HH 4Î. DG ¯G µ ('HCE DG ¯HF/I ~@J1'F E'FG HG ~@'4'F ¯G 1P'FG HG (Æ 3G 1 &G H<br> E'µH EHµCG I CG DG B'2'FB'JG GG J'F (HH *' 26/4/1961 CƆI /H'I C1/HG <br><br><br> <u >&@HEÎ@/ C'CG •G 4</u> </h4> </td> </tr> </table> <hr width="90%" size="1" align="center"> <table width="90%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center"> <tr> <td align="center" width="60%"><p><a href=""> </a> <a href="/images/imagekurdy.jpg"><img src="/images/imagekurdy.jpg" width="94" height="75" ></a> <a href="/images/shixan65.jpg"><img src="/images/shixan65.jpg" width="94" height="75" ></a> <a href="/images/nas2.jpg"><img src="/images/nas2.jpg" width="94" height="76"></a> <a href="/images/ma.jpg"><img src="/images/ma.jpg" width="94" height="76"></a> <a href="/images/imagek.jpg"><img src="/images/imagek.jpg" width="52" height="75"></a> <a href="/images/mama2.jpg"> <img src="/images/mama2.jpg" width="94" height="75"></a> <a href="/images/asir.jpg"><img src="/images/asir.jpg" width="94" height="75"></a> <a href="/images/shixan3.jpg"><img src="/images/shixan3.jpg" width="94" height="75"></a> <a href="/images/sherifpasha.jpg"><img src="/images/sherifpasha.jpg" width="54" height="75"></a> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>